The Bipolar Brain and the Creative Mind Essay - 1434 Words

The Bipolar Brain and the Creative Mind Our hospital was famous and had housed many great poets and singers. Did the hospital specialize in poets and singers, or was it that poets and singers specialized in madness? ... What is it about meter and cadence and rhythm that makes their makers mad? (1) The link between madness and creativity is one that has been hotly debated in both medical and literary circles for a long time. The two most common types of mental illness theorized to be an influence on creative people such as writers, artists, and poets were schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (2). However, various studies comparing the characteristics of schizophrenics, bipolars, and writers have concluded that schizophrenics do not†¦show more content†¦The other half of bipolar disorder is that which accounts for the great number of suicides among the ranks of bipolar patients: depression (3). Roughly 20% of bipolars committed suicide before effective treatments for the ailment became available (2). Depression is characterized by such symptoms as feelings of exhaustion, sleeping either much more or much less than usual, lowered self-worth, lowered enthusiasm for life, and contemplation of suicide (3). These depressions can last as long as six months to a year. They are f rustrating and frightening to deal with, for unlike other forms of depression there is often no cause for the reversal in mood (3). Patients can cycle rapidly through depressive and manic phases, from four times a year to as often as three or four times a day (3). Manic depression can also be associated with such behavioral problems such as attention deficit disorder (3). Other problems that can appear as a result of the disease are addiction to drugs and alcohol as an attempt to self-medicate, using depressants like alcohol to slow down the manic thought process or using stimulants such as cocaine to attempt to prolong the sense of euphoria also associated with a manic phase (2). Most frightening of all, the disease has been found to be genetic; if one identical twin is bipolar, the other is 80% likely to suffer from it, whether the two are raised together orShow MoreRelatedThe Correlation between Creativity and Madness1594 Words   |  7 Pagesstatement There lies a link between creativity and madness and the association stems from the need of an unconventional thought process to spark creativity and biological factors surrounding the brains of both creative individuals, and mentally ill patients. Could it be Madness? A correlation between a more creative individual and a mentally ill patient exists, and it is highly likeable that the former could be the latter. The issue of whether great mental abilities, whether it’s creativity in crafts suchRead MoreMental Illness And Musicians : Writing A Song Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesthere. Without an emotional basis to stimulate inspiration, nothing of creative value can be accomplished. Musicians consistently look to their emotions when it comes to song writing. Passion is a key ingredient in producing something of artistic significance. By that logic, a more emotional person should also be a more creative one. But what about those with bipolar disorder? Wouldn’t their periods of mania be a sort of creative gold mine? Mental illness can drive creativity and can be proven throughRead MoreEssay about Bipolar Disorder: Illness and Treatment693 Words   |  3 PagesBipolar disorder is characterized by unusual and sudden changes in mood, e nergy, activity levels affecting the ability to perform everyday tasks, impacting negatively relationships, professional life and often leading to suicide. Bipolar disorder usually show signs in adolescence or early adulthood and is a long term condition that must be appropriately treated in order to improve the life quality of the patient. Often people suffering from bipolar disorder also suffer addiction to drugs and alcoholRead MoreBipolar Vs. Depression - Bipolar And Depression974 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar vs. Depression When you think of someone with bipolar disorder or depression you automatically think of someone who is crazy. A lot of very successful people life day to day with this disorder.At the age of 22 ,Demi Lovato, started rehab for her bipolar disorder. Demi got to the point where she would cut herself along with getting addicted to drugs. Demi once said, It s possible to live well, fell well, and also find happiness with bipolar disorder or any other mental illness they reRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Schizophrenia Disorder1354 Words   |  6 PagesAn Unquiet mind was a fascinating book about the life of Kay Redfield Jamison and her battle with manic-depressive disorder, otherwise known as bipolar disorder. This memoir gave an intelligent perspective of the emotional battle people face when dealing with bipolar disorder, as well as an understanding on the reality and nature of this illness. This book follows very closely to the research based on bipolar disorder, which gave a good info rmational perspective as well as emotional insight. ThroughRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Mental Health Diagnosis797 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder is a mental health diagnosis when a person can experience extremely different moods. It also can affect the brain during the progression of the illness. A person with this diagnosis usually experiences mood changes of extremely high moods/ manic or extremely low moods which look like depression. There are two different types of Bipolar disorders. The first is Bipolar I which is when a person’s mood can go to severe mania or severe depression. The second type is Bipolar II whichRead MoreThe Surfacing Field Of Posttraumatic Growth1748 Words   |  7 Pagesmental illness one’s mind travels to other thoughts; this is how creative processes form in their mind. They see the world differently than others and create their visions or thoughts onto paper or sculpt it. Creativity can also be an escape from the suffering. Th e surfacing field of posttraumatic growth is showing how people can turn trauma into creative growth. There is evidence that shows links between mental illness and artistic ability. Affective disorders, such as bipolar disorder, have beenRead MoreMarasco 10. . Depression. By. Mary Katherine Marasco. Ms.3212 Words   |  13 Pageschanges in brain chemistry. Interestingly, the same changes in brain chemistry associated with mental illness also contribute to higher levels of creativity, higher IQs, and overall cognitive function, creating the famous characterization of the Mad Genius. Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:, Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:h Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:ghe Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:at Comment by Grammarly: Deleted:, Instead, the brain controls emotion. Many abnormalities in the brain lead to depressionRead MoreEssay on Edgar Allen Poes Fall of House of Usher1733 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar disorder affects many people today as well as in the time of Edgar Allen Poe when it was then called melancholia. Poe was diagnosed with this disorder and it plays an integral role in his story, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† (1839). This story is heavily influenced by this disorder or its presently associated symptoms and also describes one way that bipolar disorder can genetically affect an entire family. To fully understand a story involving this disorder, it is cardinal to know theRead MoreThe, The And, And Artist, Georgia O Keefee, By Edgar Allen Poe1108 Words   |  5 Pagesmust be some scientific explanation to account for so many creative minds succumbing to their darkness. Not until 1987 did researchers begin to explore this link. Dr. Nancy Andreason of the University of Iowa found that a sample of creative writers had significantly higher levels of bipolar disorder than a control group of similar intelligence. She also discovered that â€Å" the writer’s first-degree relatives were more likely both to be creative and predisposed to mental illness, implying that the two

The American Dream By James Madison - 1661 Words

Parth Patel Honors English III 2nd Hour 4/27/16 James Madison stated â€Å"That part of America which had encouraged them most had advanced most rapidly in population, agriculture and the art.† This means that if our American goal is to do something, we will not only do that task, we will be the best in the world at it. Also we went out west because we were encouraged to go west, not that we had to.This represents the path we took to settle the west. We went out west first to get the gold and then we would build railroad and then cities would emerge. The American dream is always changing for different people in different times. The American dream during this time period was to get control of all the land out west and unite it. We would be settling the west for many years but it shows our American Dream in settling the west was to make the west advanced as the east. People who moved and settled western lands were motivated to do so for the many reasons. Many people believed that you go west to get a new and better life. The west was filled with opportunities like the abundance of land. This land was sold cheap to farmers who would take care for it and a positive was that no one farmed and used up all the nutrients in the soil. There was also opportunities to hunt for buffalo and make money by selling the hide and meat. With the demand on meat in the growing eastern cities, people also moved west to raise cattle. With the declining rates of the buffalo it would free upShow MoreRelatedA Birth Of A Legend1663 Words   |  7 PagesIt was a birth of a legend; it did not start with â€Å"once up one a time† because the story was not a fiction, but the man himself was like a fictional hero. Father of a nation. James Madison born in Port Conway Virginia, from James Madison and Eleanor Rose Conway in 1751. He was youngest of twelve kids, and only seven of them could made through adulthood. His father was a tobacco planter having more than 4,000-acre land and many slaves. Life was not generous and compassionate when it came to his healthRead MoreLeading The War of 1812: Sir Isaac Brock and Tecumseh Essay example1621 Words   |  7 Pageshave had a strong alliance but together could not find a way to defeat the freedom-loving American people or it’s president, James Madison. These three men all had powerful leadership roles and largely affected the War of 1812 and changed the future of North America. Tecumseh, the Shawnee war chief, James Madison, the United States President, and Sir Isaac Brock, the British commander of Canada, all had dreams for the future, and the War of 1812 would determine which of these would come true. TecumsehRead MoreI Had A Dream Speech By Martin Luther King Jr.1684 Words   |  7 Pagesmemorial, history was changed. On that very day, the most known social activist of that day, Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his â€Å"I had a dream speech† In the duration of five minutes, he made history and changed society’s view upon those with a darker skin tone. On that day he changed many opinions and views, in the matter of five minutes. He proved that we, the American people have the power to change a nation through our words. Not only can we change the world with our voice, but we can change the worldRead MoreJohn Locke And James Harrington Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesPolitical Philosophers such as John Locke and James Harrington along with the seekers of religious freedom the Pilgrims set a standard for government’s role in American’s lives. This standard is then transformed into what James Madison referred to as â€Å"factions† or as contemporary Americans would refer to as Political parties. All of these variables thus factor into how American’s view law and order represented in Supreme Court cases such as Marbury vs. Mad ison along with McCulloch vs. Maryland. UnitedRead MoreImportance Of The Bill Of Rights730 Words   |  3 Pagesliving without soldiers in their own homes. Written by the great James Madison, he wrote after states were pushing for the protection of individual freedoms. But Madison had an influencer when writing the paper, taking off of The Virginia Declaration of Rights. The first ten amendments would be the building blocks on limiting government powers. The Bill of Rights gives Americans protection to do things people in other countries dream they could. It is important to know the Bill of Rights, becauseRead More`` Illiterate America `` By Jonathan Kozol959 Words   |  4 Pages†A people who mean to be their own governors,† James Madison wrote, â€Å"must arm themselves with the power knowledge gives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg.149) Not knowing who James Madison is may trigger the audience to switch from passive reading to active reading because the allusions motivate them to want to truly understand the text in totality. Kozol occasionally uses analogies; he compares his experience of a terrifying dream he had to the nightmare illiterate Americans call life. â€Å"All the letters on the walls aroundRead MoreAnalysis Of The Je Quan D. Sailes Irving1166 Words   |  5 PagesAlexander Hamilton and James Madison so that they can discuss the if Madison supported Hamilton’s fiscal program, Hamilton would then support Madison by using his influence to assure that the permanent residence of the national capital would be on the Potomac River. Fuss about Hamilton’s fiscal program made politicians wary and concerned about causing the nation go into civil and soon shocked Jefferson and he admitted to George Washington that having the negotiation with Madison and Hamilton was oneRead MoreThe Constitutional Convention Of The United States Essay1654 Words   |  7 Pagesmost of the men were wealthy, and more than half had a college level education, which was very rare at the time, but what they all had in common was the goal of creating a stronger, more powerful national government. One anxious delegate named James Madison, a small farmer from Virginia and our future fourth president of the United States, was eager to get this process going, immediately hops on horseback and travels to Pennsylvania, eleven days before the Convention commenced. Unfortunately, horrificRead MoreUnited States Constitution1516 Words   |  7 Pages Novus Ordoro Seclorum is Latin for â€Å"a new order for the ages.† Why did Americans select the constitutional order they did in 1787-1789, and why did they reject a more democratic and confederal form not more than a decade old? â€Å"Having initially hesitated in attending the Convention, once decided, Washington pushed the delegates to adopt ‘no temporizing expedient’ but instead to ‘probe the defects [of the Articles] to the bottom, and provide radical cures,’ from Matthew Spalding, Ph.D. At theRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights By James Madison1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bill of Rights, written in September of 1789, is a legal document that laid out the individual rights of the people, state, and the national government. The author of these rights was James Madison, a Virginia congressman who had proposed 19 amendments to the House of Representatives, though the original idea of the document came from Thomas Jefferson. 10 of these amendments made it through ratification by the states and, later on, became what is known as the Bill of Rights. Its name comes from

Psychology Substance Abuse and Dependence

Question: Discuss about thePsychologyfor Substance Abuse and Dependence. Answer: Introduction Rashly acting tendency without considering the future consequences is known as impulsivity. It is multi-faced construct which is broadly referred to as the incapability to delay gratification. There are certain psychiatric disorders which are linked strongly with the impulsive behavior which includes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), substance abuse and dependence, pathological gambling and eating disorders. A very little is known about the impulsivity and there prevails a strong interest to gain better understanding about the processes that are underlying impulsivity. So that the neurobiological mechanism that are contributing the maladaptive behavior symptom of these types of psychopathologies could be fully understand. It is assumed that these understanding will help in the development and betterment of the treatment and prevention strategies of the impulsivity related disorders. In this respect several behavioral measures and self-reports have been made into act wh ich helps to assess several impulsivity components (Cyders Coskunpinar, 2011). Impulsive action and impulsive choice are the two separate components of behavioral impulsivity. Difficulty and delayed gratification and making maladaptive decisions are considered in impulsive choice and it is measured by probability discounting task or delay discounting task which includes a process in which the participants have to choose between large, probabilistic or delayed rewards and small, immediate rewards. To assess impulsive choice in the laboratory risk taking task like Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) have been prepared. Impulsive action refers to the ability by which unwanted or inappropriate behavior is inhibited. To assess the impulsive action there are some laboratory task designed those includes go/no go task, continuous performance task (CPT) and stop signal task (Cyders Coskunpinar, 2012). Validity and Reliability The behavioral components of the impulsivity are linked to a substance abuse either as a consequence of drug use or as a pre-existing trait. The drug abuser and heavy drinkers have a tendency to exhibit greater impulsive choice on discounting task, and they also have a more tendency to make a risker decision on the BART. A heightened levels of the behavioral disinhibition as compared to controls on the stop signal and the go/no-go tasks is present in the alcohol and drug abusers. Impulsive behavior is also affected by acute doses of certain drugs. Alcohol intake makes an increment in both the impulsive action and in impulsive choice. On the other hand a stimulant drug may either increase or decrease the impulsive behaviors depending the nature of the population studied (Weafer et al., 2013). Recent studies reveal that the drug abusers show greater impulsive action after administration of stimulant. A decrease in the impulsive choice, action and inattention is shown by the healthy con trols. If all these evidences are taken together it becomes quite clear that alcohol and drug use can be the cause of different forms of impulsive behaviors (Verdejo-Garca et al., 2010). Though there is a widespread use of the behavioral impulsivity tasks in the research of substance abuse, but in the establishment of the psychometric properties of them the relative devotion of attention is very less, more precisely reliability of them over repeated administration. Clinical samples give some evidence, particularly individual with ADHD, of moderate to high reliability of tasks assessing impulsive action. Similarly good test-retest reliability in healthy adults is demonstrated by impulsive choice measures (Vonmoos et al., 2013). For delay discounting tasks the correlations that is reported is ranging from r = .64 to r = .91 and have a sample sizes ranging from n = 22 to n = 299. On BART the correlation reported is of r = .77 in a sample size of n=40. A study has been used to examine the reliability of the multiple behavioral impulsivity tasks in the same participants (Bari Robbins, 2013). The study includes a battery of executive function measures that is three impuls ive action measures. For commission errors on the go/no-go task a significant test-retest reliability was observed, but it was not observed for the stop signal measures or CPT. However the sample size in this study was n=23 and the assessment of the reliability of a range of behavioral impulsivity tasks was very important, this also includes the measure of the impulsive choice and inattention, in a larger sample of healthy adults (Derefinko et al., 2014). It is very important that the estimation of the measures of the behavioral impulsivity should be reliable because the question that whether these measures assess temporary states mainly or whether stable traits are reflected by them is addressed by it. Naturally, self-report inventories of impulsive personality are taken to be trait-like measures, whereas behavioral tasks are thought to evaluate more changing states. Depending on an individuals motivation, mood, or level of fatigue the performance may be expected to vary from day to day. In the prediction of the vulnerable states a pronounced day to day variability could be of major interest, however if the day to day variability is very low it is indicated that the performance on the task is a stable, trait like measure. Here the examination of the consistency of performance on these measures that are administered on two separate occasions separated at least by one day, and are used to study the task performance variability accordin g to the variation in the mood (Sharma et al., 2014). The recent studies states that the test-retest reliability of a battery of standardized behavioral impulsivity tasks. The measure that are included in the impulsive choice are probability discounting, delay discounting, and the BART; measures of the impulsive action includes the go/no-go task, stop signal task, and CPT, and the measures of inattention includes the reaction time variability on a simple reaction time task and omission errors on the CPT. The UPPS-P and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale are the two self-report measures of impulsive personality that were widely used (Stahl et al., 2014). Impulsive Choice Delay and Probability Discounting Tasks (DDT and PDT) The relative value of immediate vs. delayed/probable consequences are assessed by these tasks. In these tasks the participants have to make a series of choices between larger, delayed or probabilistic rewards and smaller, immediate rewards. The participants are told that at the end of the session a number will be generated randomly, and depending on that number, they could possibly receive one of the rewards they chose. An altering procedure is used by the task to derive an indifference point at which the definite and probabilistic or delayed and immediate options are judged to be of equivalent subjective value for the participant. The indifference points are plotted to form a discount function, and area under the curve (AUC) of the discount function provides the major dependent measure of impulsive choice. Smaller AUC indicates a steeper discounting curve, and therefore greater impulsivity (Smits et al., 2013). Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) BART is a task in which it provides a measure of risk taking ability. In this task, a balloons appear on the screen, and the participants are told to pump each balloon as large as possible with the help of pressing a key, without exploding the balloon. Every pump upsurges the points earned, but if the balloon explodes, all points are lost from that trial. There were thirty balloons which were presented, and the average number of pumps on trials in which the balloons does not explode are the dependent measure (Kurdziel et al.., 2014). Impulsive Action Stop Signal Task This task deals with the measures of the rapidity of response inhibition. Participants are given instruction to react as rapidly as possible to go signals presented on the screen, and to stop the reactions on the occasional trials in which a stop signal on an auditory tone occurs. The main outcome measure is the time needed to stop a response (Alegre et al., 2013). Go/No-Go Task The go/no-go task deals in the measurement of the ability to obstruct inappropriate reactions when presented with different stimuli. The dependent measure of importance is the number of cases that fails to obstruct a response (Uzefovsky et al., 2016). Continuous Performance Task II This is a task in which the participants have to view a series of letters, and are asked to click a button only when they see a "target" stimulus. The number of false detection of the target stimulus provides the measure of the impulsive action (Mikolov et al., 2013). Inattention Simple Reaction Time Task (SRT) The SRT is a task which is used to measure attention lapses. Participants performed a key press as quickly as possible to a target presented on the screen at variable intervals. Based on a participants delivery of RT, a deviance from the mode score was measured as the variance between a participants mean and modal RT. This value represents the percentage of unusually long RTs, which concluded to reproduce transitory lapses in attention (Gentier et al., 2013). Continuous Performance Task II (CPT) A measure of inattention is also provided by the CPT. The lapses of attention are measured through failures to react to go stimuli that is errors of omission (Mesquita et al., 2016) Impulsive Personality Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) BIS is a scale that comprises 30-item of self-report measure of impulsivity that comprises of three principal impulsivity features: Motor, Non-planning, and Attention (Steinberg et al., 2013). UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) The UPPS-P is a scale which comprises 59-item of self-report inventory which assesses five features of impulsivity: Premeditation, Urgency, Perseverance, Positive Urgency, and Sensation-Seeking (Billieux et al., 2012). Profiles of Mood States (POMS) It is a specification list which consists of 72 adjectives normally used to describe temporary mood states. Eight groups (scales) of objects have been parted empirically using feature analysis (Anger, Anxiety, Vigor, Depression, Fatigue, Friendliness, Confusion, Elation), and from these two composite scales of Arousal and Positive Mood can be measured (Shichiri et al., 2016). Discussion In this study examination of the test-retest reliability of a battery of self-report and behavioral impulsivity measures is done, it includes assessments of impulsive action, impulsive choice, and inattention. Maximum number of the tasks showed high test-retest reliability, the self-report measures represents the highest reliability, tailed by measures of impulsive action and impulsive choice. In contrast the measures of inattention have the least reliability. The Individual variations in mood across sessions were scrutinized in respect to discrepancies in performance across sessions for every behavioral measure. The only relationship that observed was higher positive arousal and mood were linked with less impulsive choice on the DDT. The recent study shows that the high reliability of behavioral measures of impulsivity that is observed is consistent with previous reports. The steady performance observed throughout the sessions proposes that these tasks genuinely assess reasonably stable forms of behavior, consistent with a measure of a trait. Along with this the deficiency of association between the variability in the task performance and variability in the mood measures (except DDT) suggests that the day-to-day changeability in mood is improbable to have a strong impact over the performance of these types of tasks. It is indistinct that why the DDT particularly was related to mood states. However, in spite of the associations between mood and discounting within subjects, the measure establishes high reliability which suggests the impact of mood over performance do not significantly diminish from its stability. Taking these findings as a whole, it can be established that the consistency of examination of the beha vioral impulsivity tasks that supports the continued use of them as indicators of individual differences in the research of substance abuse. The imported thing that is to be noted is that in spite of the great test-retest reliability and analogous mean performance scores detected throughout the sessions, statistically important variances in performance were witnessed for certain of the measures. It will be very important to consider while designing the studies which includes repetitive valuations of behavioral impulsivity. Precisely, it is very crucial that the studies premeditated to inspect how the manipulation shows its influence over impulsivity (for example Alcohol administration, stress-induction, drug administration,) and hire a counter-balanced strategies in order to explain the small changes that should be incorporated in performance over sessions and that are not related to the manipulation of the study. Along with this the participants are allowed to perform acquaintance or rehearsal trials on these types of tasks could be helpful to stabilize performance over forthcoming sessions. The studies of present day had several limitations. The study includes only a certain group of participants which restricts the generalization of the results. However it was necessary that the restrictiveness of the racial make-up of the sample should be there so that the current analyses of the data can be done, it would be significant for forthcoming studies to repeat these finding in a more varied sample. Evidences suggested that impulsivity fluctuates with the phase of menstrual cycle, and this is another feature that should be taken into consideration in respect to reliability of impulsivity tasks in future studies (Perales et al., 2009). Lastly, the recent study only evaluated task performance on two circumstances. Assumed that evaluates the effects of drug on impulsivity measures often include repetitive administrations of variable drug quantities and dosages; it will be very significant to examine constancy of performance through multiple analysis sessions. Overall, the current examination establishes that the behavioral measures of impulsivity are dependable measures and hence can be assuredly used to evaluate the various aspects of impulsivity as intermediate phenotypes of the drug abuse. These tasks can be used to examine relations between current use of drug and impulsive behaviors, the part of impulsivity in forecasting the long-term drug abuse and use, acute drug effects, and the impact of chronic use of drug over impulsive behaviors. Furthermore, these measures can be used potentially to screen pharmacotherapies aiming impulse control procedures in order to fight against alcohol and drug dependency. Ultimately these task are used in the neuroimaging studies and these studies will help in additional understanding of the knowledge about the neurobiological base of the impulsive behavior. Reference Alegre, M., Lopez-Azcarate, J., Obeso, I., Wilkinson, L., Rodriguez-Oroz, M. C., Valencia, M., ... Obeso, J. A. (2013). The subthalamic nucleus is involved in successful inhibition in the stop-signal task: a local field potential study in Parkinson's disease. Experimental neurology, 239, 1-12. Bari, A., Robbins, T. W. (2013). Inhibition and impulsivity: behavioral and neural basis of response control. Progress in neurobiology, 108, 44-79. Billieux, J., Rochat, L., Ceschi, G., Carr, A., Offerlin-Meyer, I., Defeldre, A. C., ... Van der Linden, M. (2012). Validation of a short French version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53(5), 609-615. Cyders, M. A., Coskunpinar, A. (2011). Measurement of constructs using self-report and behavioral lab tasks: Is there overlap in nomothetic span and construct representation for impulsivity?. Clinical psychology review, 31(6), 965-982. Cyders, M. A., Coskunpinar, A. (2012). The relationship between self-report and lab task conceptualizations of impulsivity. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(1), 121-124. Derefinko, K. J., Peters, J. R., Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., Walsh, E. C., Adams, Z. W., Lynam, D. R. (2014). Relations between trait impulsivity, behavioral impulsivity, physiological arousal, and risky sexual behavior among young men. Archives of sexual behavior, 43(6), 1149-1158. Gentier, I., Augustijn, M., Deforche, B., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Lenoir, M., D'Hondt, E. (2013). Performance in simple and choice reaction time tasks between obese and healthy-weight children and the influence of physical activity. In 2013 Annual conference of the International Society for Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (ISBNPA) (pp. 552-553). Kurdziel, G., Collado-Rodriguez, A., Townsend, J. M., MacPherson, L., Lejuez, C. W. (2014). Differences in anxiety sensitivity and sensation-seeking in relation to risk-taking on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Drug Alcohol Dependence, 140, e113. Mesquita, C., Nazar, B. P., Pinna, C. M., Rabelo, B., Serra-Pinheiro, M. A., Sergeant, J., Mattos, P. (2016). How can Continuous Performance Test help to assess inattention when mood and ADHD symptoms coexist?. Psychiatry Research, 243, 326-330. Mikolov, T., Yih, W. T., Zweig, G. (2013, June). Linguistic Regularities in Continuous Space Word Representations. In HLT-NAACL (Vol. 13, pp. 746-751). Perales, J. C., Verdejo-Garca, A., Moya, M., Lozano, ., Prez-Garca, M. (2009). Bright and dark sides of impulsivity: performance of women with high and low trait impulsivity on neuropsychological tasks. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 31(8), 927-944. Sharma, L., Markon, K. E., Clark, L. A. (2014). Toward a theory of distinct types of impulsive behaviors: A meta-analysis of self-report and behavioral measures. Psychological Bulletin, 140(2), 374. Shichiri, K., Shibuya, M., Watanabe, M., Tahashi, M., Kaminushi, K., Uenoyama, T., ... Suzuki, Y. (2016). Correlations between the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the WHOQOL-26 among Japanese University Students. Health, 8(05), 416. Smits, R. R., Stein, J. S., Johnson, P. S., Odum, A. L., Madden, G. J. (2013). Testretest reliability and construct validity of the Experiential Discounting Task. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 21(2), 155. Stahl, C., Voss, A., Schmitz, F., Nuszbaum, M., Tscher, O., Lieb, K., Klauer, K. C. (2014). Behavioral components of impulsivity. Journal of experimental psychology: General, 143(2), 850. Steinberg, L., Sharp, C., Stanford, M. S., Tharp, A. T. (2013). New tricks for an old measure: The development of the Barratt Impulsiveness ScaleBrief (BIS-Brief). Psychological assessment, 25(1), 216. Uzefovsky, F., Allison, C., Smith, P., Baron-Cohen, S. (2016). Brief Report: The Go/No-Go Task Online: Inhibitory Control Deficits in Autism in a Large Sample. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1-6. Verdejo-Garca, A., Lozano, ., Moya, M., Alczar, M. ., Prez-Garca, M. (2010). Psychometric properties of a spanish version of the UPPSP impulsive behavior scale: reliability, validity and association with trait and cognitive impulsivity. Journal of personality assessment, 92(1), 70-77. Vonmoos, M., Hulka, L. M., Preller, K. H., Jenni, D., Schulz, C., Baumgartner, M. R., Quednow, B. B. (2013). Differences in self-reported and behavioral measures of impulsivity in recreational and dependent cocaine users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 133(1), 61-70. Weafer, J., Baggott, M. J., de Wit, H. (2013). Testretest reliability of behavioral measures of impulsive choice, impulsive action, and inattention. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 21(6), 475.

The Bermuda Triangle Essays (2125 words) - Bermuda Triangle

The Bermuda Triangle The Bermuda Triangle On a bright, clear June day a plane, passing through what is called the Bermuda Triangle, sends a SOS signal to the tower. Suddenly, the radio contact suffers a break, the plane never makes contact again. One can only imagine what happened to those people aboard the aircraft, many may say that the disappearance concerned UFO's, while others say that it had to be a mistake. Yet, there appears to be another explanation, they were victims of the ?Devil's Triangle?. ?It was described as a place where ships sail off the end of the earth, where planes climb up into the sky never to come down again, and where sailors and airmen disappear forever.?(Winer xiii) Even though this area consumes ships and planes ?at a rate of 40 to 50 a year?(unknown 9), Ralph Stephen, a scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution insist that ?There's absolutely nothing scientific supporting the phenomenon[Bermuda Triangle]. There's nothing mysterious there? (unknown 9). If nothing were there, the unexplainable could be explain and century old mysteries solve, yet no reasonable explanation has come forth, therefore the Devil's Triangle lies waiting for its next victim. The Bermuda Triangle/Devil's Triangle covers about 1,140,000 sq. km (about 440,000 sq. mi.) between the island of Bermuda, the coast of southern Florida, and Puerto Rico. Actually, ?The Devil's Triangle? is not a triangle at all. It is a trapezium, a four-sided area in which no two sides or angles are the same. And the first four letters of the word trapezium more than adequately describe it?(Winer 9). This stretch of sea usually generates fair weather and good seafaring water conditions, these conditions make it hard for some to understand why so many ships and planes seem to disappear in this area. The Bermuda Triangle has been around for many centuries. Actually, it began way before America was named America, it began with Christopher Columbus. ?It is mentioned in the great explorer's chronicle that the night before the history-changing discovery, he and his crew saw what appeared to be a greenish glowing light that at times would move about. Anthropologists theorize that what he saw were cooking fires in fishing canoes of Carib Indians moving up and down in the waves...But no matter what it was, Indians, illusions, or UFO's, that the mariners saw on that night in 1492 along the eastern fringe of the Bahama Islands, strange and unusual things have been happening in that area ever since? (Winer xiv). Two years after his first trip to the new land Columbus set foot on America soil again. He having sailed the ocean blue once before, noted the wind blowing from the west. This happened to alert his inter-intelligence, for he warned Bobadilla against setting sail for Spain. Needless to say Bobadilla refused to take heed of the warning. From the crews of the five surviving vessels out of twenty-seven ships that began their joinery from Hispaniols to Spain, we learn what happened as they passed through the ?Triangle?. ?Rain moved perpendicular to its proper direction. Sails disintegrated. Masts snapped. Men screamed. Others knelt down to pray...Then without warning the wind and rain were gone. All was still but the sea. The sun burst through wind-driven clouds. And half the fleet was gone? (Winer 26-7). The men thought that they were in for safe sailing from there on out, they had no way of knowing what was going to pounce on them like a mad, starving tiger. ?Again lightning flashed, but there was no sound of thunder. The shrieking winds drowned it out. Paint was blasted from hulls...by the driving rain? (Winer 27). Had their captain only listened to Columbus' warning, he may have saved his men and himself the pain and suffering that came next. ?Caravels smashed together and sank as one. Those who open their eyes into the wind-driven rain had their eyeball splattered out of the sockets...bodies were masses of torn flesh...Mouths that opened to scream spewed forth blood instead of words...Those dying prayed to live. Those living prayed to die? (Winer 27-8). Of the seventeen ship that were lost, no one has been able to find any trace of them, therefore they are considered the first victims of the ?Bermuda Triangle?. Not only did the disappearances increase since Columbus' time, they get harder to explain. There are many unexplained vanishing associated with the ?Bermuda Triangle?, such as the case of Herbie Pond. Herbie was a rumrunner in 1931, he was then considered one of the best aviators, especially in the rumrunner industry. On

Free Essays on Twiggy

â€Å"At 17, Leslie Hornby took hold of the world. At 21, she let it go. She was the original waif, a 60’s phenomenon- a superstar. She was Twiggy, (Cheever Page 74). Leslie Hornby was the revolutionary woman who changed the idea of beauty in the eyes of the fashion industry and the entire world. She exemplified the androgynous mod look that swept America as it had Britain and much of Europe in the 1960’s. Standing at 5 feet 6  ½ inches and weighing in at 90 pounds, the nickname â€Å"Twiggy† was derived. Twiggy’s popularity not only influenced many people to try and imitate her look, but also drastically influenced the rise in power of models in the fashion industry. She was a role model and revolutionary for today’s top models, but her popularity also brought along with it the irrational image of the ideal woman. Twiggy was a major trendsetter in America during the sixties, even though she hailed from England. While working as a shampoo girl in a salon, she was discovered by Nigel Davies, who saw her potential and immediately took her to a trendy salon in London to get a haircut. The owner put her picture in his shop window, and a short time later that picture was featured in the London Daily Express with a caption that read, â€Å"This is the face of 1966† (â€Å"Twiggy: Click! Click!†). After discovering the fifteen year-old with the 31-22-32 figure, Davies- who preferred to be called Justin De Villeneuve- became Twiggy’s agent and boyfriend at age 25. He took her to Paris and a short while after her popularity grew, she was put on the cover of Elle magazine, as well as Paris Match, and the British edition of Vogue. During Twiggy’s peak success in Europe, De Villeneuve set up Twiggy Enterprises, Ltd., where he gathered a line of clothes, false eyelashes, cosmetics, dolls, and posters all endorsed by Twiggy (â€Å"The Twig†). The enterprising aspect of being a top model began with Twiggy and her influence i... Free Essays on Twiggy Free Essays on Twiggy â€Å"At 17, Leslie Hornby took hold of the world. At 21, she let it go. She was the original waif, a 60’s phenomenon- a superstar. She was Twiggy, (Cheever Page 74). Leslie Hornby was the revolutionary woman who changed the idea of beauty in the eyes of the fashion industry and the entire world. She exemplified the androgynous mod look that swept America as it had Britain and much of Europe in the 1960’s. Standing at 5 feet 6  ½ inches and weighing in at 90 pounds, the nickname â€Å"Twiggy† was derived. Twiggy’s popularity not only influenced many people to try and imitate her look, but also drastically influenced the rise in power of models in the fashion industry. She was a role model and revolutionary for today’s top models, but her popularity also brought along with it the irrational image of the ideal woman. Twiggy was a major trendsetter in America during the sixties, even though she hailed from England. While working as a shampoo girl in a salon, she was discovered by Nigel Davies, who saw her potential and immediately took her to a trendy salon in London to get a haircut. The owner put her picture in his shop window, and a short time later that picture was featured in the London Daily Express with a caption that read, â€Å"This is the face of 1966† (â€Å"Twiggy: Click! Click!†). After discovering the fifteen year-old with the 31-22-32 figure, Davies- who preferred to be called Justin De Villeneuve- became Twiggy’s agent and boyfriend at age 25. He took her to Paris and a short while after her popularity grew, she was put on the cover of Elle magazine, as well as Paris Match, and the British edition of Vogue. During Twiggy’s peak success in Europe, De Villeneuve set up Twiggy Enterprises, Ltd., where he gathered a line of clothes, false eyelashes, cosmetics, dolls, and posters all endorsed by Twiggy (â€Å"The Twig†). The enterprising aspect of being a top model began with Twiggy and her influence i...

Chromosome Function and Mutation

Chromosome Function and Mutation A chromosome is a long, stringy aggregate of genes that carries heredity information and is formed from condensed chromatin. Chromatin is composed of DNA and proteins that are tightly packed together to form  chromatin fibers. Condensed chromatin fibers form chromosomes. Chromosomes are located within the nucleus of our cells. They are paired together (one from the mother and one from the father) and are known as homologous chromosomes. During cell division, chromosomes are replicated and distributed equally among each new daughter cell. Key Takeaways: Chromosomes Chromosomes are composed of DNA and proteins packed tightly to form long chromatin fibers. Chromosomes house genes responsible for the inheritance of traits and guidance of life processes.Chromosome structure consists of a long arm region and a short arm region connected at a central region known as a centromere. The ends of a chromosome are called telomeres.Duplicated or replicated chromosomes have the familiar X-shape and are composed of identical sister chromatids.During cell division, sister chromatids separate and are incorporated into new daughter cells.Chromosomes contain the genetic codes for protein production. Proteins regulate vital cellular processes and provide structural support for cells and tissues.Chromosome mutations result in changes in chromosome structure or changes in cellular chromosome numbers. Mutations most often have harmful consequences. Chromosome Structure A telomere is a region of the DNA sequence at the end of a chromosome. Their function is to protect the ends of the chromosome from degradation. Here they are visible as highlights at the tips of the chromosomes. Credit: Science Picture Co/Subjects/Getty Images A non-duplicated chromosome is single-stranded and consists of a centromere region that connects two arm regions. The short arm region is called the p arm and the long arm region is called the ​q arm. The end region of a chromosome is called a telomere. Telomeres consist of repeating non-coding DNA  sequences that get shorter as a cell divides. Chromosome Duplication Chromosome duplication occurs prior to the division processes of mitosis and meiosis. DNA replication processes allow correct chromosome numbers to be preserved after the original cell divides. A duplicated chromosome is comprised of two identical chromosomes called sister chromatids that are connected at the centromere region. Sister chromatids remain together until the end of the division process where they are separated by spindle fibers and enclosed within separate cells. Once the paired chromatids separate from one another, each is known as a daughter chromosome. Chromosomes and Cell Division Chromosomes are threadlike structures composed of DNA and proteins. During cell division, chromosomes consist of two arms, or chromatids, which are joined by a centromere. Joined chromatids are called sister chromatids. Credit: Adrian T Sumner/The Image Bank/Getty Images One of the most important elements of successful cell division is the correct distribution of chromosomes. In mitosis, this means that chromosomes must be distributed between two daughter cells. In meiosis, chromosomes must be distributed among four daughter cells. The cells spindle apparatus is responsible for moving chromosomes during cell division. This type of cell movement is due to interactions between spindle microtubules and motor proteins, which work together to manipulate and separate chromosomes. It is vitally important that a correct number of chromosomes be preserved in dividing cells. Errors that occur during cell division may result in individuals with unbalanced chromosome numbers. Their cells may have either too many or not enough chromosomes. This type of occurrence is known as aneuploidy and may happen in autosomal chromosomes during mitosis or in sex chromosomes during meiosis. Anomalies in chromosome numbers can result in birth defects, developmental disabilities, and death. Chromosomes and Protein Production DNA is transcribed and translated to produce proteins. Reverse transcription converts RNA to DNA. ttsz/iStock/Getty Images Plus   Protein production is a vital cell process that is dependent upon chromosomes and DNA. Proteins are important molecules that are necessary for almost all cell functions. Chromosomal DNA contains segments called genes that code for proteins. During protein production, the DNA unwinds and its coding segments are transcribed into an RNA transcript. This copy of the DNA message is exported from the nucleus and then translated to form a protein. Ribosomes and another RNA molecule, called transfer RNA, work together to bind to the RNA transcript and convert the coded message into a protein. Chromosome Mutation Genetic Mutation. BlackJack3D/E/Getty Images Chromosome mutations are changes that occur in chromosomes and are typically the result of either errors that happen during meiosis or by exposure to mutagens such as chemicals or radiation. Chromosome breakage and duplications can cause several types of chromosome structural changes that are typically harmful to the individual. These types of mutations result in chromosomes with extra genes, not enough genes, or genes that are in the wrong sequence. Mutations can also produce cells that have abnormal numbers of chromosomes. Abnormal chromosome numbers typically occur as a result of nondisjunction or the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis.

RESEARCH PHILOSOPHIES AND PRINCIPLES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

RESEARCH PHILOSOPHIES AND PRINCIPLES - Essay Example As such, quantitative methodologies generally involve statistical or mathematical models of data analysis. Qualitative research methodology is relatively new when compared to quantitative methods. Qualitative research emerged towards the later parts of the 20th century through an increasing acceptance of post-modern epistemological formations that greatly complicate the very nature of reality (Denzen & Lincoln, 2011). Rather than being something that could merely be measured and determined through statistical models, qualitative research involves researcher interpretive processes (Denzen & Lincoln, 2011). It follows that in many ways qualitative research compliments quantitative by articulating abstract concepts that can be refined and understood by later quantitative investigations (Creswell 2003). Still, it’s noted that in other ways qualitative knowledge runs counter to quantitative claims to validity, as some qualitative epistemological foundations contend that knowledge i s personal or perspective based (Creswell 2001). Additionally, there are mixed method pursuits that implement both quantitative and qualitative research (Brannen 2005). This essay specifically examines four research studies – some with quantitative and others with qualitative approaches -- in terms of a variety of analytical criteria. Analysis 1. Quantitative analysis of defects in Malaysian university buildings: Providers’ perspective This specific research investigation implements a qualitative methodology. The research question this study aimed to resolve was the areas of university buildings that required repairs. The research argued that it was important as increased levels of knowledge regarding defects in the buildings could aid the university by contributing to the development of a system that would more efficiently address these concerns. There is the tacit recognition then that the current system is unstructured and implemented in ineffective ways. It is reco gnized that qualitative research assumes a great many analytical methods. Within the specific context of this research the primary data collecting method is the questionnaire. This study sent out questionnaires to maintenance managers at the university. Each questionnaire contained five options: not at all urgent, not very urgent, urgent, very urgent, and extremely urgent. There is a clear challenge in that certain maintenance managers could consider an area more urgent than another area more strenuously than another manager’s perspective. That is, one managers understanding of the linguistic elements of the questionnaire would be different from another manager. The study indicates these challenges are circumvented, as urgency is determined through comparison between studies. As such if there is one area that managers frequently rate as urgent then these multiple perspectives are interpreted as a valid conclusion. Specifically 50 questionnaires were sent out to the maintenanc e departments in universities in Malaysia. While 50 questionnaires were sent out, only 33 were returned. This is discrepancy is significant as it indicates that certain departments were more receptive to the study than departments at other universities. This discrepancy could indicate that the questionnaires are biased in that the organizations that responded had more pressing concerns or were more receptive to changes in the university. Still, research on questionnaires attest to this response rate as

Movie Reflection Paper - Contact Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection Paper - Contact - Movie Review Example The paper "Movie Reflection Paper - Contact" provides a review of the film "Contact". The movie is about a young scientist who is obsessed with finding some kind of extra terrestrial being. She, Judie Foster, eventually become aware of signals that seems to be coming from the some non human living entities residing far in space on a planet called Vega. This discovery shocks the world and everyone is panicked to a certain extent. The message sent by the space being is decoded with the help of a rich billionaire, but eccentric, inventor. The message is about building a machine that can take a single person to the planet. After a long process one person is selected to take seat in the machine but after a blast the main character gets an opportunity to take the most important journey ever taken by a human being. The journey is quite eventful for the scientist but NASA could not verify anything she says to have experienced. Finally the whole world realizes that this was a hoax by the ecce ntric inventor who helped decipher the message of the space beings. But top government officials of USA found, in the end, that there was little proof for the experience of the scientist who travelled in the machine. In Contact we find many themes that are explained in our text book. When the world becomes aware of the existence of an extra terrestrial entity, a mass religious hysteria breaks out and many people come out with their own interpretation. Scientists attempt to explain the phenomenon by objective facts. while others think that this journey should not be taken as it will be a step against God. The reason behind the suicide bomb attack in the movie was also to stop the ‘ungodly’ actions of human beings. Other educated theologians believed that discovery of an intelligent species would straighten the idea of God. The Second Chapter of our text books talks about the non religious explanations of religion or religious beliefs. In the film too we can identify some of the explanations that are given in the text book. There seems to be an intellectual motivation for the theologian to believe in God because he thought that the discovery of a new intelligent being further ensures that a God exists. He was actually trying to explain and indentify the cause of the new being and in turn satisfying his intellectual thirst of inquisition. Many people do the same when encountering with complex phenomena that cannot have a rational justification. In the case of the movie Contact there was no rational explanation of how the intelligent specie came into existence and how did it acquire intelligence superior to human beings. When there seems no explanation then people associate it with supernatural beings, and this is what the theologian in the movie is doing. He is rationalizing the cause of existence of the nonhuman living species. There is another religious side in the movie. A religious extremist group’s leader argues that building of the machi ne is not moral because we are not sure whether the aliens believe in God or not. This may sound nonsensical to educated people but it is an extremely important dimension of the film. In the text book author explain that primitive people believed in rituals that had important social functions like sustaining peaceful family life, and preventing fights (37). Now the same idea is

Crime and Punishment Essay Example for Free

Crime and Punishment Essay The saying that crime does not pay lies at the heart of a great deal of literature and many films. It appears in a large number of fairy tales and childrens story. This is to teach children from an early age that it is wrong to commit a crime, no matter how small, and that every criminal is eventually punished. Of course this is not true, many crimes, especially smaller crimes, are never punished. This can either be because no one has discovered a crime was committed or because there was no punishment fit for the criminal. For instance, because the criminal wasnt conscious of committing the crime (mentally retarded, been drugged etc), because he is a minor and has a clean record or even because he is dying or deceased. However the criminal can be punished by other members of society as well and/or instead of by law. This would be in the form of revenge. Then there is self-inflicted punishment. Criminals often feel guilty and this can drive them to depression, sometimes leading them to inflict physical pain on themselves or to commit suicide. If the criminal is Christian or Moslem, he will also have to endure the thought of going to Hell. If the criminal is Hindu or Buddhist, he will know he is destroying his chance for a good rebirth, dirtying and ruining his karma, which will cause him to suffer for lifetimes to come. Criminal acts might in the short run satisfy them or fill their pockets, will in the long run, from a spiritual perspective, hurt the criminal. Indeed, in the long term, and from the moral and ethical, psychological and spiritual points of view, it appears to be almost always true that Crime does not pay. Literature often portrays reality; therefore this moral is present a great deal. Examples of crimes that are punished more by psychological means appear in The Millers Tale in Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales. This was written before the 15th Century yet it already refers to crimes that were not punished by law but indirectly by the general public. This tale is of a rich carpenter, his newly wed young wife, Alison, and his lodger. The carpenter is an old, jealous man who doesnt give his wife any freedom for the fear she will cheat on him. The lodger, Nicholas, is always after women and he soon flirts with the beautiful Alison. She soon falls in love with him and they decide to trick the carpenter so they can sleep together. Nicholas, who is fascinated by astrology, tells the carpenter that by studying the moon he  found out that in an hour there will be a great flood and the world will be drowned. The carpenter, who is sworn to secrecy, believes him and obeys his orders. He hangs up three kneading-troughs in the attic which are to be used as boats and at night the three of them get in their boats. The carpenter falls in a deep sleep after all his work so he doesnt know the two lovers have secretly gone downstairs to bed. However Absalon, a young parish clerk who is in love with the carpenters wife, hears that the carpenter hasnt been to work since Saturday. He uses this as an opportunity to tell Alison, through the bedroom window, of his love for her. After being told to leave, he agrees on the condition that she gives him one kiss. She consents but tricks him and he comes to learn that he has kissed a completely different part of her body. To take revenge, Absalon comes back with a hot iron and tells Alison he wants to give her a golden ring in exchange for another kiss. This time its Nicholass bottom that appears out of the window and is subsequently branded with the hot iron. His screaming awakens the carpenter who thinks the flood has started and cuts the rope tied to his tub. The boat falls and the carpenter breaks an arm and starts screaming that the world is flooding. Nicholas and Alison use this occasion to make him out as mad and for the rest of his life, nothing the carpenter says will chan ge this in the eyes of the public. He is treated as a reject but his wife is also mocked for being married to him. Notice that ever single character is punished by some means. The carpenter is mocked and cannot ever live a normal life again. He is forced to live with wife who betrayed him and will forever be considered a madman. It is clearly shown on page 106, that no one believed the carpenter: No matter what the carpenter asserted it went for nothing, no one was converted. He also has a broken arm and many bruises. His wife is also teased for living with him and has to endure the guilt of her criminal actions and their consequences. Nicholas is also humiliated and he is branded for life. Absalons punishment was being tricked into kissing Alisons bottom. He has to live with the shame of this and that he was rejected by Alison. The characters mentioned above all committed a crime: Alison committed adultery, Nicholas deliberately made Alison cheat on her husband and Absalon  also tried but failed. Nicholas and Alison furthermore lied to Absalon and the carpenter. They lied to the whole neighbourhood saying the latter was mad. Lying is not a crime that can be punished by law but it is still wrong. In Christianity and many other religions, it is thought of as a sin. It is to be debated whether Absalon also committed another crime: branding Nicholas with a hot iron. In doing this, Absalon was taking revenge for a crime that had been committed against him; a crime that would not be grave enough to be punished by law. By chance, Absalon was taking revenge on a character who had also committed other crimes. For this reason, the author might have excused Absalons drastic action against Nicholas and therefore given him the lightest punishment. According to the Chaucer, the carpenters crime was to marry a much younger and very beautiful young woman and then to forbid her of her freedom. He did not think of her feelings. Chaucer quotes at the bottom of page 89:A man should marry someone like himself; A man should pick an equal for his mate. Youth and old age are often in debate. However, he had fallen in the snare, And had to bear his cross as others bare.Here Chaucer already predicts that Alison is going to cheat on her husband. The carpenter fell in the trap and now he has to bear the consequences. Indeed, all the characters mentioned above committed a crime and quickly learnt that crime does not pay. They were all psychologically and often also physically punished. I wanted to see if the quote crime does not pay also applies in The shipmans tale. This tale tells of a kind, generous merchant who was married to a beautiful woman. This merchant was on very good terms with a monk, Sir John, and invited him to stay for dinner, some days before he was to leave on business. The monk stayed with them for a few days but one morning when he was speaking to Sir Johns wife, she poured out all her sorrows to him. She told him she wished she were dead and that she had no respect for her husband, she hated him, because he neglected her. She then asked the monk for a hundred francs so she could look smart and do my husband honour (page 162). The monk promised to lend her the money. However, he then privately  asked the merchant for the same amount using the reason that he wanted to buy some cattle. The merchant lent it to him and swore not to reveal the monks debt. When the merchant left, Sir John visited the wife and gave her the money in exchange for her keeping him company at night. The merchant then came back and asked the monk for his money but learnt from him that the money had already been returned to his wife. The merchant felt he had been rude and reprimanded his wife for not telling him the debt had been paid. His wife then explained the situation, cursed the monk for having broken his promise and told her husband she needed the money because he didnt supply her with enough. She asked for forgiveness. Her husband forgave her but asked her not to be so extravagant again (page 168). The obvious crimes here are adultery and breaking a promise. Both the merchants wife and Sir John are guilty of this. It is possible but unlikely, that the merchant committed the crime of not caring for his wife properly. The merchant is described as generous and though he might not always be at home with his wife, this is because he is earning money to support his wife and himself. However, he has the worst deal at the end of the tale: he loses hundred francs. The wifes punishment is that her secret is found out and she is shamed in front of her husband. It is not a heavy punishment but then she only cheated on her husband once. In addition, she has to live with the guilt of what she has done. Maybe she even has to sacrifice something in exchange for spending her husbands money on herself. Sir Johns only punishment is that he is now not regarded in the same light as before. He is also insulted by the merchants wife, but it is debatable whether this is a punishment as he did not have the humiliation of hearing himself be insulted. I think it is difficult to decide whether this moral also applies for The Shipmans tale. It depends who one thinks is guilty of committing a crime. The husband has learnt his lesson: to watch over his wife more closely. The wife learns she has done a foolish thing and will hopefully, for the merchant, now live a better life. However, not much ill seems to befall the monk. Of course, we could argue that he was only trying to help the merchant and his wife. He went too far in cheating on the merchant but he will presumably feel the consequences: his relationship with the merchant and his  wife will not be the same again. Therefore, I think the moral also applies for this tale, but it is not as obvious. I believe the moral that crime does not pay is present not only lies at the heart of a great deal of literature, but also in many films, comics and stories told by mouth. This is important as nowadays people no longer act morally only because they are afraid of God or of hell. Today, atheists are tolerated and many who are religious do not believe every word in the Bible, they no longer fear the word hell. Therefore, to keep society working peacefully, one needs to teach people to be morally good and to teach them that if they dont, they will be punished. Often, one is not punished for doing something morally wrong. This fact is often hidden, to encourage people to commit fewer or no crimes because they believe every crime will have a bad consequence. People, especially children, are taught this, often indirectly, through reading, watching films and hearing about personal experiences where the criminal eventually paid for his crime.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE U S ARMY Essay -- essays research papers

DEVELOPMENT OF THE U S ARMY Since its birth on 14 June 1775-over a year before the Declaration of Independence-the United States Army has played a vital role in the growth and development of the American nation. It won the new Republic's independence in an arduous eight-year struggle against Great Britain, at times providing the lone symbol of nationhood around which patriots could rally. During the Civil War it preserved the Union through four years of biter conflict that turned brother against brother. It has repeatedly defended United States against external threats, from the "second war of independence" with Great Britain in 1812 through the crusades that finally rid the world of the specters of Nazi totalitarianism, Japanese imperialism, and world communism. The defense of the nation has always been the Army's primary mission. From the beginning the Army has also been involved with internal improvements, natural disaster relief, economic assistance, domestic order, and a host of other contingenci es. Although these missions may not have always been those it would have chosen for itself, Army has drown great satisfaction from knowing that when the nation was in need, it answered the call. Over the past 225 years, the United States has grown from a loosely organized confederation of thirteen English colonies scattered along the Atlantic seaboard to a superpower whose influence reaches around the globe. The U.S. Army has contributed immeasurably to the rise of the American nation, first as the shield of the Republic during its vulnerable early years and later as means to project power in defense of American interests worldwide. The Army’s contributions, however, go far beyond the role of military force. Its ready availability as a source of disciplined and skilled personnel has made it an attractive option for American leaders confronted with a wide array of nonmilitary demands and crises. Adaptation to the latest technology is no new experience for the United States Army. Throughout the events described below, the Army has attempted to better accomplish missions and to save lives by harnessing newly developed capabilities. This innovation in turn has radically altered tactics, organization, and industrial relationships. The soldiers of the Revolutionary War Army went into battle with a great assortment of firearms, many of them personal and m... ...vements in equipment and the introduction of at least one revolutionary item, the helicopter. By the time of the Vietnam War the helicopter had come into its own, and ground combatants achieved whole new levels of tactical mobility, logistical sustainability, and fire support. Heliborne medical evacuation saved thousands of lives that otherwise would have been lost and set an example for expedient care that civilian society soon sought to emulate. Despite the pace of technical advance, the key ingredients in the Army’s formula for success remain the soldier and his or her leaders. In certain respects even more is demanded of modern soldiers than was demanded of their forebears. They must maintain and use increasingly complex equipment. They are more dispersed across an ever more dangerous battlefield, thus requiring more skill and initiative than ever from junior officers and NCOs. Now, as always, the success of the soldier is the truest possible measure of the success of the Army. By guaranting the soldier the most advanced technology, suitable doctrine, and ample resources available, the United States Army has always sought to accomplish its mission with a minimum loss of life.

Mahogany Production vs Sugar Production Essay

When sugar became the major crop produced my plantation owners in the 18th century, many slaves were needed to produce the commodity. It was a labourious and strenuous job due to the conditions. African slaves were imported to the Caribbean from the western coast of Africa. Some slaves though didn’t all work on the sugar plantation; some were exported to countries such as Honduras. In the paragraphs to follow, the differences between the slave labour and the way of life of slaves on the mahogany plantation as opposed to that of those on the sugar plantation will be explored. A negative outlook on the production of mahogany to that of sugar was the distance of the forests where the mahogany was located to the dwellings of the slaves. The trees were huge and grew singly throughout the forest, often many miles from a river. The slaves would have to leave their dwellings and family for many months while working on the mahogany plantations. This meant that the slaves wouldn’t see their family for many months at a time. On the other hand slaves on the sugar plantation worked on the same land as their dwellings and families and were able to always be in contact with their family. In addition to the previous point mentioned, a positive outlook of mahogany production to sugar production was that the relationship between Europeans and slaves was far better on the mahogany plantation. The machete –carrying slaves on the mahogany plantation were allowed to roam the jungle with perhaps the only European present being the captain. There was sometimes a close bond between the owner and his slaves because unlike the planters who lived in England, mahogany trader’s only home was Honduras. The closer bond between the master and slave lead some slaves being freed when they aged or saving up money to buy their freedom. This was definitely not the case on the sugar plantation where planters lived in England and those who lived on the plantation only interacted with the domestic slaves. They also lived on hills away from the slave dwellings where they were able to supervise but not be near to them. Secondly, another positive outlook in the comparison between mahogany productions to sugar production was that mahogany production provided a very distinct division of labour amongst the slaves. On the mahogany plantations the men cut the wood while the women tended to the crops. The men had jobs such as huntsmen who searched for wood who were almost invaluable to the captains, axmen who chopped down the trees and cattlemen who drove and fed animals which transported the trees. On the other hand, on sugar plantations, both women and men did strenuous work in the fields in the scorching hot sun throughout the days and there was little to no divide to what work women did as opposed to men especially after it became illegal to import slaves from West Africa. To conclude we can almost accept the fact that when comparing slave life and labour on mahogany plantations and sugar plantations, the life of those on the mahogany plantations had it easier. Although there were some negatives such as the distance from family and their homes and the long periods of time spent away from family, the positives outweigh the impact of the negative.

Outline How to Prepare for Winter

Title: Surviving winter Specific purpose: How to prepare for winter I. Introduction A. Attention Materials: Did you know on average Minnesota gets 50 inches of snow a winter. Accroding to Minnesota dept. of Natural resources. â€Å"The twin cities are the coldest major population center in the United States, with an average or zero degrees or below 64 days each winter. B. Tie to the audience: I’m sure all of us have experienced winter. Whether it was extremely light or extremely brutal. Being prepared is important. C. Creditability material: Well I’m from Minneapolis, MN, where winter is extremely brutal.We have heavy snow, temps below zero, and wind chills in the negative. So being prepared for winter is something I know about. D. Preview: I will explain three basic things, How to dress in the winter, how you can prepare your vehicle for winter, and how to winterize your home. II. Body A. How to dress in the Winter a)Make sure you have a coat or a heavy jacket(â€Å" Stay Warm – How to Stay Warm and Healthy in Winter†) b)Make sure you have a hat and gloves. c)Make sure you have waterproof boots so that your feet stay dry. {Transition: Now that you know how to dress for the winter, let’s move on to preparing your car for winter} B.Prepare your car for winter. a)Get all-purpose or snow tires (â€Å"Preparing Your Car For Winter Driving in Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota – Preparing For Winter Driving in Minneapolis and St. Paul†). 1. Most cars have summer tires. 2. All purpose tires have more friction with the road so that you don’t go off the road, slid into someone else’s car. b)Have an extra pair of clothing and blanket in your car. 1. In case you get stranded you can stay warm and dry. 2. Make sure your heat works in your car. c)You do not want you heat to stop working, there’s nothing like driving while it freezing in your car. Transition: The last thing I’m going to talk about is how to get your home prepared for winter} C. Winterize your home. a)Seal your windows with plastic, this can be energy efficiency 1. To prevent cold drafts from entering the home 2. Keeps your electric bill from being high b)Move furniture away from windows. 1. If you decide you don’t want to seal your windows its keep draft from hitting you. c)Get your furnace checked before winter arrives. 1. Prevents from furnace from going out in the middle of the cold winter {Transition to conclusion: Now that you know how to be prepare for winter, let’s go what I told you today} III.Conclusion A. A Final Review: a)I told you how to dress for the winter b)How to prepare your vehicle fro the winter c)And how to winterize your home. B. Tie back to the audience: winter comes every year, weather it’s extremely light or extremely brutal. C. Conclusions remarks: So as this winter approaches, make sure you’re prepared you don’t want to get in a situation that could h ave been avoid by preparing in advance. Work cited Minneosta Profile: Minnesota Cold – Minnesota Conservation Volunteer: Minnesota DNR. (n. d. ). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources: Minnesota DNR.Retrieved from http://www. dnr. state. mn. us/volunteer/janfeb05/mpcold. html Preparing Your Car For Winter Driving in Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota – Preparing For Winter Driving in Minneapolis and St. Paul. (n. d. ). Minneapolis / St. Paul – Guide to Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. Retrieved from http://minneapolis. about. com/od/travelweather/a/winterizecar. htm Stay Warm – How to Stay Warm and Healthy in Winter. (n. d. ). Senior Living – Older Adult Lifestyle Advice & Information. Retrieved from http://seniorliving. about. com/od/healthnutrition/a/stay_warm. htm

Questions to Ask When Hiring a Lawyer

Questions to Ask When Hiring a Lawyer Choosing a lawyer can be the most important decision an immigrant makes. Before hiring legal counsel, take the time to find out what youre getting. Here are the questions you should ask during an interview with a prospective attorney. What to Ask an Immigration Lawyer How long have you been practicing immigration law?- There is no substitute for experience when it comes to handling the most challenging cases. It’s important that your attorney not only knows the law but also understands the process. Don’t be afraid to ask about the lawyer’s background and credentials, either. It can be a good idea to talk to a former client and ask how things went.Are you a member of AILA?- The American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA) is a national organization of more than 11,000 attorneys and law professors who practice and teach immigration law. They are specialists who are up to date on U.S. law. AILA attorneys represent U.S. families seeking permanent residency for family members and U.S. businesses seeking talent from overseas. AILA members also represent foreign students and asylum seekers, often on a pro bono basis.Have you worked on cases similar to mine?- It’s always a plus if the lawyer has been successfully working a c ase that is similar to yours. Immigration cases can vary greatly and experience with your particular situation can make all the difference. What actions will you take immediately and what will follow?- Try to get a mental picture of the road ahead. Get an idea of how complicated or difficult your case may be. Take the opportunity beforehand to find out how knowledgeable and how aggressive your prospective attorney is.What are my chances of a positive outcome?- An experienced, reputable attorney will have a good idea what’s ahead and won’t make promises that can’t be kept. Be wary if you hear something that sounds too good to be true. It just might be.What can I do to improve my Chances for success?- Try to be a working partner in your own cause. Get your lawyer the documents or information she or he requires as soon as possible. Make sure you are forthcoming and that the information you give about yourself is accurate and complete. Get involved and learn the legal terminology.Can you give me an estimate of how long my case will be resolved?- It is always difficult to come up with a precise timetable when you’re dealing with the government, especially when it comes to immigration issues. But an experienced attorney can give you at least a rough estimate of what the schedule ahead might look like. You also can check on your case status directly with the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services. Who will be working on my case besides you?- Support staff can be critical. Ask about any paralegals, investigators, researchers or even secretaries that will be assisting your attorney. It’s good to know their names and understand their roles. If there are language or translation issues, find out who might speak your language in the office.How will we communicate with each other?- Find out if the lawyer wants to talk by phone, or communicate by emails, text messages or overnight mail. Many attorneys still rely on traditional postal services (snail mail) to do much of the work. If that doesn’t suit you, make other arrangements or hire someone else. Don’t leave the office or turn off the phone without getting all the contact information you will need. If you’re overseas, you need to think about time differentials when you’re calling or text messaging.What is your rate and your best estimate of the total cost?- Ask what type of payment the lawyer acce pts (are credit cards OK?) and when you will be billed. Ask for a breakdown of the charges and see if there are any ways to minimize the cost. Find out if there are any extra expenses that might come up.

On National Prejudices, by Oliver Goldsmith - Classic Essays

On National Prejudices, by Oliver Goldsmith - Classic Essays Irish poet, essayist, and dramatist Oliver Goldsmith is best known for the comic play She Stoops to Conquer, the long poem The Deserted Village, and the novel The Vicar of Wakefield. In his essay On National Prejudices (first published in the British Magazine, August 1760), Goldsmith argues that it is possible to love  ones own country without hating the natives of other countries. Compare Goldsmiths thoughts on patriotism with Max Eastmans extended definition in What Is Patriotism? and with Alexis de Tocquevilles discussion of patriotism in Democracy in America (1835). On National Prejudices by Oliver Goldsmith As I am one of that sauntering tribe of mortals, who spend the greatest part of their time in taverns, coffee houses, and other places of public resort, I have thereby an opportunity of observing an infinite variety of characters, which, to a person of a contemplative turn, is a much higher entertainment than a view of all the curiosities of art or nature. In one of these, my late rambles, I accidentally fell into the company of half a dozen gentlemen, who were engaged in a warm dispute about some political affair; the decision of which, as they were equally divided in their sentiments, they thought proper to refer to me, which naturally drew me in for a share of the conversation. Amongst a multiplicity of other topics, we took occasion to talk of the different characters of the several nations of Europe; when one of the gentlemen, cocking his hat, and assuming such an air of importance as if he had possessed all the merit of the English nation in his own person, declared that the Dutch were a parcel of avaricious wretches; the French a set of flattering sycophants; that the Germans were drunken sots, and beastly gluttons; and the Spaniards proud, haughty, and surly tyrants; but that in bravery, generosity, clemency, and in every other virtue, the English excelled all the world. This very learned and judicious remark was received with a general smile of approbation by all the companyall, I mean, but your humble servant; who, endeavoring to keep my gravity as well as I could, I reclined my head upon my arm, continued for some time  in a posture of affected thoughtfulness, as if I had been musing on something else, and did not seem to attend to the subject of conversation; hoping by these means to avoid the disagreeable necessity of explaining myself, and thereby depriving the gentlemen of his imaginary happiness. But my pseudo-patriot had no mind to let me escape so easily. Not satisfied that his opinion should pass without contradiction, he was determined to have it ratified by the suffrage of every one in the company; for which purpose addressing himself to me with an air of inexpressible confidence, he asked me if I was not in the same way of thinking. As I am never forward in giving my opinion, especially when I have reason to believe that it will not be agreeable; so, when I am obliged to give it, I always hold it for a maxim to speak my real sentiments. I therefore told him that, for my own part, I should not have ventured to talk in such a peremptory strain, unless I had made the tour of Europe, and examined the manners of these several nations with great care and accuracy: that, perhaps, a more impartial judge would not scruple to affirm that the Dutch were more frugal and industrious, the French more temperate and polite, the Germans more hardy and patient of labour and fatigue, and the Spaniards more staid and sedate, than the English; who, though undoubtedly brave and generous, were at the same time rash, headstrong, and impetuous; too apt to be elated with prosperity, and to despond in adversity. I could easily perceive that all of the company began to regard me with a jealous eye before I had finished my answer, which I had no sooner done, than the patriotic gentleman observed, with a contemptuous sneer, that he was greatly surprised how some people could have the conscience to live in a country which they did not love, and to enjoy the protection of a government, to which in their hearts they were inveterate enemies. Finding that by this modest declaration of my sentiments, I had forfeited the good opinion of my companions, and given them occasion to call my political principles in question, and well knowing that it was in vain to argue with men who were so very full of themselves, I threw down my reckoning and retired to my own lodgings, reflecting on the absurd and ridiculous nature of national prejudice and prepossession. Philosphers of Antiquity Among all the famous sayings of antiquity, there is none that does greater honour to the author, or affords greater pleasure to the reader (at least if he be a person of a generous and benevolent heart) than that of the philosopher, who, being asked what countryman he was, replied that he was a citizen of the world. How few there are to be found in modern times who can say the same, or whose conduct is consistent with such a profession! We are now become so much Englishmen, Frenchmen, Dutchmen, Spaniards, or Germans, that we are no longer citizens of the world; so much the natives of one particular spot, or members of one petty society, that we no longer consider ourselves as the general inhabitants of the globe, or members of that grand society which comprehends the whole human kind. Did these prejudices prevail only among the meanest and lowest of the people, perhaps they might be excused, as they have few, if any, opportunities of correcting them by reading, traveling, or conversing with foreigners; but the misfortune is, that they infect the minds, and influence the conduct even of our gentlemen; of those, I mean, who have every title to this appellation but an exemption from prejudice, which, however, in my opinion, ought to be regarded as the characteristical mark of a gentleman: for let a mans birth be ever so high, his station ever so exalted, or his fortune ever so large, yet if he is not free from national and other prejudices, I should make bold to tell him, that he had a low and vulgar mind, and had no just claim to the character of a gentleman. And in fact, you will always find that those are most apt to boast of national merit, who have little or no merit of their own to depend on, than which, to be sure, nothing is more natural: the slender vine twi sts around the sturdy oak for no other reason in the world but because it has not  strength  sufficient to support itself. Should it be alleged in  defense  of national prejudice, that it is the natural and necessary growth of love to our country, and that therefore the former cannot be destroyed without hurting the latter, I answer, that this is a gross  fallacy  and delusion. That it is the growth of love to our country, I will allow; but that it is the natural and necessary growth of it, I absolutely deny. Superstition and enthusiasm too are the growth of religion; but  who ever  took it in his head to affirm that they are the necessary growth of this noble principle? They are, if you will, the bastard sprouts of this heavenly plant; but not its natural and genuine branches, and may safely enough be lopped off, without doing any harm to the parent stock; nay, perhaps, till once they are lopped off, this goodly tree can never flourish in perfect health and vigour. Citizen of the World Is it not very possible that I may love my own country, without hating the natives of other countries? that I may exert the most heroic bravery, the most undaunted resolution, in defending its laws and liberty, without despising all the rest of the world as cowards and poltroons? Most certainly it is: and if it were notBut why need I suppose what is absolutely impossible?but if it were not, I must own, I should prefer the title of the ancient philosopher, namely, a citizen of the world, to that of an Englishman, a Frenchman, a European, or to any other appellation whatever. Continued from page oneDid these prejudices prevail only among the meanest and lowest of the people, perhaps they might be excused, as they have few, if any, opportunities of correcting them by reading, traveling, or conversing with foreigners; but the misfortune is, that they infect the minds, and influence the conduct even of our gentlemen; of those, I mean, who have every title to this appellation but an exemption from prejudice, which, however, in my opinion, ought to be regarded as the characteristical mark of a gentleman: for let a mans birth be ever so high, his station ever so exalted, or his fortune ever so large, yet if he is not free from national and other prejudices, I should make bold to tell him, that he had a low and vulgar mind, and had no just claim to the character of a gentleman. And in fact, you will always find that those are most apt to boast of national merit, who have little or no merit of their own to depend on, than which, to be sure, nothing is more natura l: the slender vine twists around the sturdy oak for no other reason in the world but because it has not strength sufficient to support itself. Should it be alleged in defense of national prejudice, that it is the natural and necessary growth of love to our country, and that therefore the former cannot be destroyed without hurting the latter, I answer, that this is a gross fallacy and delusion. That it is the growth of love to our country, I will allow; but that it is the natural and necessary growth of it, I absolutely deny. Superstition and enthusiasm too are the growth of religion; but who ever took it in his head to affirm that they are the necessary growth of this noble principle? They are, if you will, the bastard sprouts of this heavenly plant; but not its natural and genuine branches, and may safely enough be lopped off, without doing any harm to the parent stock; nay, perhaps, till once they are lopped off, this goodly tree can never flourish in perfect health and vigour. Is it not very possible that I may love my own country, without hating the natives of other countries? that I may exert the most heroic bravery, the most undaunted resolution, in defending its laws and liberty, without despising all the rest of the world as cowards and poltroons? Most certainly it is: and if it were notBut why need I suppose what is absolutely impossible?but if it were not, I must own, I should prefer the title of the ancient philosopher, namely, a citizen of the world, to that of an Englishman, a Frenchman, a European, or to any other appellation whatever.

Is advertising more effectvie when people like it Essay

Is advertising more effectvie when people like it - Essay Example Rather than the relatively straight-forward approach to advertising taken in the days of print-only media, today’s media outlets are designed around the product or brand first and then disguised to suggest other objectives. This is not necessarily the fault of the media, but is instead a part of the reality of our system. â€Å"These media are delivered for a price. We have to pay for them, either by spending money or by spending time. Given a choice, we prefer to spend time. We spend our time paying attention to ads, and in exchange we are given infotainment† (Twitchell 469-470). Rather than being completely the fault of the media or even of the producers, Twitchell suggests that the human condition is one in which we have been inherently materialistic. â€Å"We have always been desirous of things. We have just not had many of them until quite recently, and, in a few generations, we may return to having fewer and fewer† (Twitchell 471-472). However, in this mate rial culture, where so many things are mass-produced in a variety of forms and substances, it is helpful to have some sort of guide to help us determine which things should be accorded the highest value and which things are not so great. This is where advertising enters the scene and helps us to define just what is valuable and what kind of meaning or history a particular object might have. It takes advantage of this natural human tendency to want to be comfortable and to have stuff to own, trade, protect or produce. However, despite our desire for increasingly more ‘stuff’, we nevertheless insist on being entertained if we are to pay attention to the message or the products it’s associated with. As a result, if advertising is to be effective, it must first appeal to the consumer in an entertaining or meaningful way. Marketing, in some form, seems to

Service Learning Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Service Learning Project - Essay Example Finally, I also joined the brainstorming session for Friday’s event where we discussed what was to be presented, and I gave some ideas that were well received. This service-learning project was appropriate for my BComm program course for various reasons, mostly in equipping me with abilities, skills, and knowledge required for a successful career in private and public sectors. The project helped me to explore the communications aspect of the course, as I was able to engage in textual, visual, and verbal messages for a specific audience, in this case, those who are to attend the religious event, which is important to my professional and academic success. It also helped me to explore the information literacy aspect through recognition of required information and the retrieval, evaluation, and effective use of information during my work at the Society’s library. I was also able top engage in teamwork during the brainstorming session that was a valuable lesson in how to interact with other team members during one of the important stages of team decision making. Finally, the project helped me learn about the social and ethical responsibi lity aspect of the course, as I was involved in planning for an event through which the Society was giving back to the

Yahoo Inc. Strategic Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Yahoo Inc. Strategic Analysis - Case Study Example Yahoo’s main competitor is Google that is constantly bringing, in new digital products, to stay on top of the market. The major targets that the company concentrates on are the Users, the advertisers and publishers. By offering their services to these groups of people, they generate income that will enable them continue running the company. Over the years, the company has been implementing various strategies that would enable it improve the services offered and the amount of revenue collected. Such moves included hiring competent employees, introducing more services and setting up a webpage that is enticing and will enable them get a number of clicks. In the face of rising competition in the market environment, the company has strived to improve in its revenues and competitive position in the market. This study, therefore, looks into the various strategic aspects that the company has put, in place, to compete favorable in the market. With other big players like Google in the m arket, the strategies put in place by the company would ensure fairness in the market competition. The Yahoo Inc strategies Internal analysis The Yahoo Inc Company has largely placed its focus on products and people since this form the basis of their operations. The company’s major goal was to bring quality products into the market. In a bid to improve its existence, the yahoo company produced new products such as the new and improved version of the Yahoo mail. Different from the initial versions, this new version could be accessed on other mobile devices such as iPhone, windows 8, iPod and Android OS. The introduction of this new version greatly changed the market competition since many people could access yahoo services from their devices. At the same time, the new Yahoo mail version was blended with flicker, a photo sharing application that enable users to capture and share their photos easily across the social media networks such s facebook, twitter or Tumblr among other through email. At the same time, in a bid to improve the internal structure of the company, talented persons were hired and placed into administrative posts. Relatively, the company acquired mobile phone application developers who would enable them to invent applications that would bring their services closer and closer to the customers. Through this team, the company established a professional team of engineers, designers and managers who would ensure the company attains its set target. In order to ensure the company maintains exemplary performance, a hiring system was put in place that was rigorous and intensive. Employee performance was also evaluated quarterly, with a provision of perfect working environment for all of the workers. Within the management system, the company developed a policy that would enable it monitor the performance of its products and services across the web. Such system was also designed to address the internal issues that the company faced. The incorporati on of these internal factors was meant to place the company in a competitive position that would ensure better products and services offered to the customers. This system also ensured accountability on the side of every employee as well as the other people working in the company. External analysis In terms of external factors, the company has set up various strategies to enable it interact well moreover, competitively in the business environment. This implies that they had to launch new products that would attract many people towards using their services. Thus, in order to provide a lasting advertising solution, the company decided to launch a yahoo genome. This advertising platform was meant to ease